Colon and Rectal Tumors: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Modern Treatment Methods
Colon and rectal cancers usually develop slowly from benign polyps in the intestine. These polyps go through various stages (dysplasias) over several years before turning into malignant tumors. Regular screening examinations, ideally starting at the age of 45, can often prevent these types of cancer. During a (colonoscopy) polyps can be detected early and removed immediately. The procedure is performed under light sedation, making it virtually painless for the patient.
After removal, the polyps are examined histologically. A pathologist evaluates the tissue under a microscope, which allows me to determine how frequently future colonoscopies will be necessary. If larger tumors are discovered during the examination that cannot be removed endoscopically, a multidisciplinary tumor board will plan the next steps. This expert panel consists of radiologists, radiation therapists, oncologists, and surgeons who work together to develop the best possible treatment strategy.
Colon and rectal tumors often present symptoms only at advanced stages. These may include unexplained weight loss, bleeding, loss of appetite, or, in the worst case, a life-threatening bowel obstruction. Therefore, early detection through preventive colonoscopy is crucial. During the endoscopic examination, tissue samples can be taken and analyzed histologically to determine the exact nature of the tumor.
Depending on the tumor’s location and size, I use minimally invasive surgical techniques to make the procedure as gentle as possible. I often employ the so-called “keyhole technique” (laparoscopic surgery/single incision), which requires only small incisions. If necessary, I also perform conventional surgeries via the abdomen or through the anal canal.
Before any surgery, I work together with my colleagues in oncology, radiation therapy, and radiology to develop an individualized treatment plan. Postoperative follow-up care is also coordinated closely with all involved disciplines to ensure optimal patient care.
Anal cancer is usually treated primarily with a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy after histological confirmation. Here, too, treatment is always planned collaboratively within the tumor board to ensure the best chances of recovery.
